Jordan P. Howell, Jordan Moore, Larah-Ann Petersen, Patrick Crumrine

Abstract

In this paper we examine relationships between golf courses and biodiversity. We review existing research linking biodiversity and golf. Next, we identify key ecological principles shaping a golf course’s ability to impact biodiversity. Then, we evaluate the biodiversity dimensions of two prominent golf course sustainability certification frameworks (GEO Foundation and Audubon International). We then make a qualitative assessment of how well the certification programs incorporate ecological concepts into their rating systems. Given the inherent connections between the sport of golf and the natural landscape, there are many opportunities for course owners and operators to take biodiversity factors into consideration when designing, renovating, and managing their facilities. However, positive outcomes in this area will only be achieved through careful planning and sustained commitment on the part of course managers as well as education and outreach to the golfing public.

Keywords: golf, biodiversity, sustainability certification, sport management, sport ecology

Citation: Howell, J. P., Moore, J., Petersen, L. A., & Crumrine, P. (2024). Biodiversity on golf courses: Role of sustainability certifications. International Journal of Sport Management, 25(4), 345-378.

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